Fruit handling and treating machine



Feb..21, 1939. H. F. WATKINS 2,147,870

` FRUI-T HANDLING AND TREATING MACHINE Filed oct. '7, 1955 s sheets-sheet 1 "tE-"1E Go2/m ATTORNEY.

Feb. 2l, 1939. Y H, F. wATKlNs 2,147,370

FRUIT HANDLING AND TREATING MACHINE Filed OCC. 7, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 2l FIE E ATTORNEY.

Feb- 21, 1939. H, F. wATKlNs FRUIT HANDLING AND THETING MACHINE Filed Oct. 7, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEY.

Feb. 2l, 1939. H. F. wATKlNs FRUIT HANDLING AND TREATING MACHINE 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 5 @m W mE fr. M m a H Nq l ww Q Nm mw @n w NN .mw NN uw ATTORNEY.

Feb. 21, 1939, H. F. wATKlNs 2,147,8 70

FRUIT HANDLING AND TREATING MACHINE Filed Oct. 7, 1955 v 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 N wm?.

Feb. 21, 1939. H` F. wATKlNs 2,147,870

FRUIT HANDLING AND TREATING MACHINE Filed Oct, 7, 1935 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 I. E l E INVENTOR. Hara/0 F #f7/,0275

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ATTORNEY.

20 speeds can be attained.

35 vacuum cup'which will be Parenteel Fe'azi, 1939 FRUIT HANDLmG AND TREATING MAcmNE Harold F. Watkins, Oakland, Calif., assignor to- Watkins Fruit Machinery Company, San Francisco, Califv., a corporation of California Application October 7,

12 Claims.

'I'his invention relates generally to machines for the handling of fruit, and is intended primarily for the extraction of juices from citrous fruits, such as oranges, lemons and` grapefruit.'

It is an object of the invention to generally improve upon fruit juice extracting machines of the type disclosed and claimed in my co-pending application, Serial Number 673,585, filed lMay 31, 1933, patented May 12, 1936, No. 2,040,114 of which this application is a continuation in part.

The improved features can be generally outlined as follows: 'Ihe mechanism and-mechanical motions utilized are greatly simplied, to -facilitate manufacture, and to provide a more practical commercial machine. Amore eiective means is provided for presenting halved articles of fruit to the `fruit handling devices, whereby the fruit is more positively centered and retained during these operations, and whereby higheroperating Pneumatic means has been utilized for carrying out many of the operations, to -enable quieter operation at higher" capacities, and also to aiord mechanical sim'- plicity with, elimination of many moving parts. 25 Automatic provision is made for interrupting loperation of the machine during periods when no fruit isrbeing supplied, thus eifecting an economy in power consumption, and savingwear and tear upon the machine. Provision'is also made for in- 30 suring the presence of an inert atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, about the fruit during the juicing operation, thereby the juice by oxidation.

Another object of the invention is to provide grip articles of fruitv regardless of surface irregularitics,`whereby the fruit or parts thereof may r be presented for various operations. s

Further objectsandfeatures of the invention 40 will appear from the following description in which the preferred embodiment of the invention has been set forth in detail in conjunction withthe accompanying drawings.

Referring to the: drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view, in cross section,` illustrating a machine incorporating the present invention.

Fig. 2V is a lcros's sectional detail, taken along the line -2-'2 of Figi-1.

50 Fig. 3l is a detail in cross section, showing mechanism for severing and successively present-A ing articles of fruit to the rfruit handling devices.

Fig. 4 isa cross sectional detail taken along the lined-4 of Fig. 1.

Fig'. 5 is a cross sectional detail, taken along avoiding deterioration of eiective to securely y 1935, serial No. 43,852

the line 5-5 of Fig. 4, and showing a part of the valve mechanism for controlling application of pneumatic pressure and suction.

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line li6 of Fig. l. 5 Fig. 7 is a detail, viewed as indicated by arrow 1, in Fig. 6, and showing ratcheting means for operation of the fruit halving knife.

Fig. 8 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 8 8 of Fig. 6. m Fig. 9 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 9--9 of Fig. 6.

Fig. -10 is a detail, partly in cross section, illustrating the gate for controlling the supply of fruit to the machine, together with its operating elements, the section being indicated by the line Ill-I0 of Fig. 4. v

Fig. 11 is a cross sectional detail, taken along the line lI--H of Fig. 4. 5

Fig. 12 is a c`ross sectional detail, taken along 26 the line I 2-I2 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 13 is a detail, partly in cross section, illustrating the door for permitting discharge of .peel together with itsoperating parts.

Fig. 14 is a cross sectional detail,` taken along 25 the line I4-I4 of Fig. 2. l

Fig. 15 is a side elevational detail, partly in cross section, illustrating electrical contacting A means for automatically discontinuing operation of the machine, in the event no fruit is being sup- 3o plied thereto.

Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic layout, illustrating a compressor and other parts of a plant equipment incorporating the machine.

Fig. 17 is a plan detail, partly in cross section, 35 showing a modied form ofA centering cup, to be used/when the machine is employed for extracting juice from lemons.

Fig. 18 is a plan detail, likewise showing a modication of feed means for the machine, when the machine is being used for 4extracting-juicefrom lemons.

Fig. 19 is a cross sectional detail, showing a modic'ation for the liners in the fruit engaging Cups. a

The present invention is characterized by the use bf turretlike fruit handling devices, which grip the halves of a severed article of fruit, and then present the two halves upon rotatingburrs, for a juicing operation. AFollowing a juicing op- 50 eration, the peels are expelled from the fruit handling devices, and these devices then engage the halves of a successive article of fruit, which in the meantime has been halved and properly positioned for engagement.

. clined shelves I4 (Fig. 6) which have their inner opposed edges joined by the trough IG. Between the shelves I4 and the intermediate wall I3, are

the lower shelves Il, which have their inner edges joined by the walls of a compartment I8. An inclined duct I9 communicates between compartment I8 and the exterior of the housing, through the back housing wall 2I.

The turret-like fruit handling devices are designated generally at 22 (Figs. 1 and 2) and are l disposed above the shelves lli. Spaced rotatable burrs 23. are carried by' the intermediate housing wall I3, and overlie the shelves il. Mechanism for halving articles of fruit and for presenting such halved article to the turret-like fruit handling devices 22, is indicated generally at 24. The lower inclined wall of compartment I8 is provided with a screen 26, which permits juice to flow into the sump 2d, from which it is removed bypipe 2Q.

It will be evident from the above that the fruit handlingv devices 22 serve to successively apply-halved articles of fruit upon the rotating burrs 23, whereby juice is extracted by well known principles. Juice ilows down through screen 2E and out through pipe 29, while the peels drop down into compartment I8, and are discharged from the machine through conduit tl.

The two fruit handling devices 22 are identical in construction, and can be best explained by reference to Fig. 6. Each device consists of a hollow member 3l, the interior of which forms a cylinder 32. Slidablj,r tted in cylinder 32 there is a piston 33, which in turn is secured to the inner end of a tubular member The outer end of tubular member 3d is attached to a substantially conical shaped cup The rear end of each member Si is provided with a closure bloei; while the forward end ci member is provided with an annular washer 3d, formed of ber or like .suitable material, which serves as a guide for tube 3d. vided with an outer sheath Sill, of harder metal to resist wear.

Cup 36 is formed of suitable material, such as aluminum or aluminum alloy, and isprovided with an inner liner 4l, of resilient material, such as soft vulcanized rubber. The base of cup 35 is provided with an opening l2 which communicates with the passage through tube 3d, and which makes it possible to apply pneumatic suction or pressure to the interior of the cup. For retaining the liner 4l to the cup 36, the liner is shown having an outwardly turned annular edge 43, which extends between the opposed faces of the cup 36, and the end face of tube 3Q. The base of the cup is also shown provided with a radially extending ange 44, for quick attachment to the hook-shaped portions 46, which in turn are secured to the outer end of tube 34.

In order to facilitate sealing engagement with the surfaces of fruit, the liner 4I is also prowhich may be vided with a plurality of integral flexible lips Tube 55d is shown pro-- animare 4l', which have feathered inner edges. As illustrated these lips extend annularly about the interior of the liner 4I, and they are generally disposed in spaced planes parallel to the face of cup 36. Fig. 19 shows a modification of liner 4I in which the flexible lips 41a extend in a generally forward direction.

In order to pivotally mount the fruit handling device, journalling means is provided as follows: A pair of spaced vertical shafts 5I are provided, which are enclosed within the tubular casings 52. The upper ends of casings 52 are secured to the shelves lli, by suitable means such as bolts 53. Near the upper and lower ends of casings 52 ball bearing assemblies 54 and 56 are provided. The upper end of each shaft 5l is secured to a member `5l, upon which the plate 58 is clamped. The member 3l of the corresponding fruit handling device is in turn clamped to plate 5U, as by means of cap screws 59.

Two separate air passages extend upwardly through shaft 5l, and are in communication respectively with the passage formed by tube 35i, and the space (il behind each piston 33. Thus,

each shaft 5i is made hollow, to receive a concentric pipe 62. The interior of pipe (i2 forms one passage, while the other passage is formed by the space G3 about this pipe. The upper end of pipe 62 is in communication with a duct 69, which vis formed in the lower portion of member 3i, and which in turn communicates with the duct GES in the end closure 3l. A tube 6i has its rear end mounted upon closure 3l', and in communication with duct (56. This tube extends through piston 33 and into the tubular member 3d, and is surrounded by a suitable packing liti, to prevent leakage between it and the piston The upper end of the passage 6?', is in communication with a duct 5ft, which in turn connects with the space behind piston At the lower end of each shaft 5i there is a tting l2, which connects with pipes 'i3 and Each fittingl'z serves to establish communication between pipe 'i3 and the interior of pipe (52, and between pipe 'lil and the passage Pipes i3 and 'lll in turn are connected with pipes it and lll, which lead to pneumatic valve control. mechanism to be presently described.

|The actuating means for turning the shafts 5i, to oscillate the turret-like fruit handling devices 22, can be constructed as fol1ows2-fi pair of levers it are attached to the lower ends oi' shafts 5t and these levers extend in opposite directions. For example as illustrated in Fig. 6 the left hand lever i2 extends forwardly towards` the observer, while the left hand lever 'ld extends in the opposite direction. The ends of these levers are connected together, by means of link i2 (Fig. 6). As shown in Fig. ll, a supplemental lever Sli is likewise secured to one of the shafts 5i, and is connected to a link B2, which in turn connects to the upper end of a lever S3. The lower end of lever 83 has a pivotal mounting 3/3, to the bottom wall 86 of the housing. A pair of journal brackets 3l (Fig. l) are also carried by the bottom wall 26, and serve to journal a horizontal shaft t8. A cam wheel 89 (Fig. ll) is fixed to shaft 3B, and has its lcam groove QI engaged by a roller 92. Roller 92 is in turn secured to the lever 83. Thus upon rotation of shaft 88 and cam wheel 89, lever 83 is oscillated back and forth, to oscillate lever 8| and thus in turn oscillate shafts 5I and the turret-like fruit handling devices in opposite `direction through substantially 90.

T he mechanism 24 for presenting halved arti-- cles of fruit to the fruit handling devices 22, is. preferably constructed as followsz-A journal bearing 94 (Fig. 6) serves to support a rotatable shaft 96, one end of which is-keyed to a lever 91. Likewise keyed to shaft 96, there is a collar 96, upon which a knife or cutting blade 99 is mounted. Blade 99 is formed to provide a spear shaped cutting edge (Fig. 3), which is shown provided with a plurality of barbs |02. These barbs are provided with a lateral set, like the teeth of a saw, so that when the blade is engaged with which` the blade 99 an article of fruit, the article of fruit will be held impaled upon the blade, until the blade is forced completely through the fruit. Surrounding a portion of shaft 96, there is a sleeve |03 (Fig. 6), which is carried by the journal |04. An armv |06 is keyed to one end oi sleeve |03, while the other end of said sleeve carries a lever |01.

The free end of arm |06 carries a fitting |06 which forms a detachable mounting for the fruit centering cup 09. This cup is shown provided with a liner of resilient material, like soft vulcanized rubber, and a port ||2 through the liner and the cup permits communication between the interior of the cup and the air duct. ||3. The wall ||4, which immediately underlies arm |06 for the position of the parts illustrated in Fig. 3, is shown provided with a spherically surfaced boss ||6, and which has an air duct ||1 connected to the suction pipe I6. The arm |06 carries a pad ||9, formed of suitable material such as leather or resilient rubber, which is adapted to seat upon the surface of boss ||6, thus establishing communication between suction pipe ||6 and the interior of cup |09, as well as to form a cushioned stop for movement ofthe arm |06 4in a counter-clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 3.

A predetermined cycle of operation is established for the blade 99, and arm |06. Thus lever 91 (Fig. 12) has its free end connected to the upper end of a rod |2|, the lower end of which is connected to a lever |22. This lever |22 is in turn carried by shaft |23, which is supported on the bottom wall 66. Shaft 66 carries a cam wheel |24, the cam groove I|26 of which is engaged by roller |21. This roller is carried by a lever |26, the lower end of which is also pivotally supported on the bottom wall 66. A link or bar |29 connects between the upper end of lever |26, and a lever 3 which is likewise secured to shaft |23. Upon rotation of. shaft 66, it is evident that lever |26 is rocked back and fo: "1, to rock the levers |22 and |3|, and thus reciprocate rod |2| to rock the lever 91 and the shaft 96 to is attached. The rocking moveufent thus imparted to blade 99 is in a vertical plane, midway between the turret-like fruit handling devices 22, and is limited to substantially 90.

For actuating the arm |06, ratcheting mechanism is interposed between shaft 96 and sleeve |03, as illustrated in Fig. '7. Keyed to one end of shaft 96. (Fig. 6) there is a ratchet wheel |33. The teeth of this ratchet wheel are engaged by a pawl |34 (Fig. 7), whichA is carried by arm |01, and which is urged towards engagement with the ratchet teeth )by a suitable spring |36. Mounted upon a stationary support, as for example the housing of journal |04, there is a bracket |31, which carried an adjustable stop pin |36. Upon rotation of shaft 96 in a clockwise direction, as viewed infFig. '1, it is evident that-the engagement of pawl |34 with ratchet wheel |33, causes lever |01 to likewise be turned in a clockwise direction, to similarly turn the sleeve |03 and the arm |06.- After such turningv movement has continued for substantially 90 from the position illustrated in Fig. 7, pawl |34 is disengaged from the ratchet teeth, byvabutment with stop |36, thus permitting arm |06 to swing back to its initial position as illustrated in Fig. 3, by gravity, plus the urge of a suitable spring.

To summarize at this point the operation of mechanism 24, arm |06 is in the position illustrated in Fig. 3, at the time an article of fruit (designated by numeral l) is supplied to the cup |09. At this, instance blade 99 does not interfere with entrance of an article of fruit, as it is in the process of being returned to the position illusmediately after the article of fruit has" centered itself in the cup |09, blade 99 descends and pierces the article of fruit. 'I'hereafter both blade 99 and arm |06 swing in unison in a .clockwisedirection as viewed in Fig. 3 to substantially 90. After reaching this limiting position arm |06 drops back to its initial position by gravity, by virtue of release of pawl |34, for the purpose of receiving a succeeding article of fruit. At substantially the instant blade 99 reaches its elevated position, the two sides of the article of fruit are engaged by the cups 36 of the fruit handling devices 22, and, immediately thereafter blade 99 is again rotated in a counter-clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 3, to force it completely through the article of fruit, and to force it down upon a succeeding article of fruit which in the meantime has been received by cup |09.

In order to feed successive articles of fruit to the cup |09, means are provided as follows: The front wall |4| of the housing (Fig. l) is provided with an opening |42 adjacent the cup |09, and which is adapted to be opened and closed by a gate |43. A chute |44 extends outwardlyf from opening |42, and articles of fruit, such as oranges are supplied through this chute in single ille. The side entrance of gate |43 engages a suitable guide track |46, so that the gate can be-slid in a vertical plane. l

In order to raise or lower the 'mite |43, in proper synchronism with other operations of the machine, means such as illustrated in Fig. 10 can be employed. In this instance a cam wheel |41 is employed, which is xed to the shaft 66. The cam groove |46 of this wheel is engaged by a roller |49, which is carried by lever |5|. 'I'he lower end of this lever is shown pivotally supported by the xed bottom wall 66 of the lhousing. Journaled at a point below gate |43 and to the front wall |4| of the housing, there is a shaft |52, to which an arm |53 is iixed. Rod |54 serves to connect the free end of arm |53 with the upper end of lever |5|. Likewise xed to shaft |52,/are

the oppositely extending arms |56 and |51, with the free end of arm |51 being connected by link |66, with the lower edge of gate 43. Thus upon rocking of lever |5I, responsive to rotation of shaft 66, link |56 is reciprocated to reciprocate the gate' |43 in a vertical direction.

As a supplemental means for insuring feeding of articles of fruit through opening |42, one at a time, a finger |59 is provided, which is formed of suitable material such as a strip of spring metal. This linger is carried by shaft |6I, to which the lever |62 is secured. A link |63 connects the free end of lever |62 with the arm |56.

l trated in Fig. 3, from a preceding operation. Im-

Thus as the gate l is le.` finger tt is swung down i the article oi fruit which follows 'the article being permitted to roll through the opening |5121. Thus the row of fruit being supplied to the machine is held back, until the gate *M3 is again raised to closed position.

1n conjunction with gate |43, it is desirable to employ a supplemental gate 164, which is also slidably guided within the track M6. A depending extension |66 serves to connect gate 166i to a link |61, which in turn connects with the free end of arm |56. Thus as the gate |113 is lowered, the supplemental gate 161 is simultaneously elevated.

It is desirable to avoid entrance of atmospheric air into the compartment l2 insofar as this is possible. For this reason a hinged door |11 is provided to close the discharge end of conduit 19, and mechanism is provided for periodically opening this door, to permit discharge of peels. Thus a cam |12 (Fig. 13) is mounted upon shaft 88,

yand the surface of this cam is engaged by a roller |13. The roller in turn is carried by a pivoted lever` |14, the upper end of which connects to a link |16. A rock shaft |11 carries the two arms |18 and |19, and the latter having its free end connected to link |16. Adjacent door |11 (Fig. 1) there is a rock shaft which carries the arms |82 and |83. Link |84 serves to connect the free end of arm |83, with the door 11|. The free end of arm |82 is connected to the upper end oi a rod |86, the lower end of which is `connected to the free end of arm |18 (Fig. 13). Thus as shaft 88 is rotated, cam |12 causes swinging of lever |14, which motion is transmitted through arms |18 and |19, to reciprocate the rod |86, and thus cause door |1| to be periodically opened and closed. A spring |81 (Fig. 13) serves to retainthe roller |13 in engagement with the surface of cam |12.

A suitable electric motor |89 (Fig. 4) is shown for driving the operating parts of the machine. This motor is equipped with suitable reduction gearing |9|, and its driving pulley |92 is connected to a pulley |93 on shaft 88, by means of belt |94.

The'mounting for the burrs 23, and the driving connection to the same are illustrated in Figs. 2 and 14. Thus each burr 23 is mounted upon the end of a shaft |96, which extends through the housing wall I3, and is suitably journaled thereto. The other end of each shaft |96 carries a pulley |91, and these pulleys are connected by the belt |98. One of the shafts |96 also carries a pulley |89, which is connected by belt 20|, to the high speed pulley 202 on motor |89.

The valve means utilized for controlling application of pneumatic pressure and suction to the turret-like fruit handling devices, can now be described as followsz-One pipe 206 leads from the machine, and is adapted to be connected to a suitable source of gas under pressure. A second pipe 201 extending from the machine is adapted to be connected to a suitable evacuated receiver, that is to a source of sub-atmospheric pressure. These pipes both connect to the body of a multiple valve 208 (Fig. 1), which also connect with the pipes 16, 11 and ||8 (Fig. 4). This valve is provided with a number of operating stems indicated by letters a to f inclusive,

(Fig. 1). Movement of each of these valve members contr'ols, movement of van associated valve member 209, (Fig. and each stern is normally v urged toward raised position, by means of a com- ,-tc engagement with fil-1. lilxtending adjacent valve stems, there is a rocker shaft 262 (Figs. i and 5) which carries a plurality of rocker arms indicated bythe numbers 2130, to Zlf inclusive. One end of each rocker arm engages the upper end of its associated valve stem, while the other end of each rocker arm is adapted to engage an associated cam carried by shaft 88. These cams are designated by numerals 2 la to 2 llf inclusive. nstead of describing in detail suitable posting for the casing of valve 208, it will suiice to point out briefly the manner in which depression of the different valve stems controls application of pneumatic pressure and suction to the pipes 16, 11 and 18. Depression of valve stem a serves to establish communication between pipe 11 and the vacuum pipe 201, thus applying a suction to pipe 11. Depression of valve stem b, While valve stem a. is closed, serves to connect the pressure pipe 206 with pipe 11, thus applying pneumatic pressure to the latter. Depression of valve stem c serves to connect pipe 16 to the air pressure pipe 206. Depression of valve stem d while the stem c is closed, serves to connect pipe with the evacuating pipe 201. Depression of valve stem e connects the pressure pipe 206 with a pipe 2|5, which in turn connects to pipe 11. Pipe 2|5 includes a pressure reducing regulator 2|6. Depression of stem ,f connects suction pipe 201 with the pipe |18.

It might be stated at this point that one complete cyclic operation of the machine is completed for each revolution of the shaft 30. Likewise one complete cycle of operation of the valve 208, is carried out for each complete revolution of shaft 88. Assuming that a cycle of operation of the valve 208 commences as an article of fruit, impaled upon the blade 99, is ,presented in elevated position between the turret-like fruit handling devices, while these devices are faced towards each other as illustrated in Fig. 2, the cycle proceeds as followsz-As shaft 88 revolves, valve stem a, is rst depressed to apply pneumatic pressure to pipe 11, and by virtue of the connections previously described between this pipe and the fruit handling devices, pneumatic pressure is applied to the space 6| behind the pistons 33. Thus the two cups 36 are projected into engagement With opposite sides of the fruit. Valve stem d is then depressed to apply pneumatic suction to pipe 16, and by virtue of the connections previously described to the fruit handling devices, this serves to apply suction to the interior of the cups 36 to grip the fruit. While valve stem d remains depressed, valve stem a is permitted to raise to discontinue supply of pneumatic pressure, and valve stem b is depressed, to apply pneumatic suction to pipe 11. Thus suction is applied to the spaces behind the pistons of the fruit handling devices, to cause the cups 36 to be retracted. This retraction of the cups occurs substantially simultaneously with rotation of the fruit handling devices, about the axes of shafts 5|, until the devices are substantially in alignment with the axis of rotation of the burrs 23. Valve stem b is then raised to discontinue further application of suction to pipe 11, and valve stem e is depressed to again apply pressure through pipes 2|5 and 11, and behind pistons 33, --to project cups 36, and force the two halves of fruit upon the burrs 23. The pressureapplied at this time is somewhat less, by virtue of the pressure reduction afforded by the regulator 2|6. After the juicing operation upon the halves of fruit hasbeen completed, valve st em e is again closed,

pression while valve stem b is opened to apply suction to pipe 11 and behind pistons 23, and to retract the cups 36 from the burrs. After this retraction, or immediately following commencement of the same, the fruit handling devices are again rotated back to the initial position illustrated in Fig; 2. Likewise immediately after retraction from burrs 23 is commenced, valve stem 'd is closed to discontinue further application of. suction to the interior of the cups 36, and valve stem c is opened, to apply pneumatic pressure to pipe 16 and to the interiorof the cups4 36, thus blowing away the peels of the fruit.

In the valve cycle described above, no reference has been made to operation of the stems e and f which control application of pressure and suction to pipe II 8. During a partof the rotation described for shaft 88, corresponding to periods when arm |06 is in the position illustrated in Fig. 3, while stem f is depressed to apply suction to pipe II 0, and thus cause cup I09,to more effectively center an article of fruit, fed into the machine through opening |42. It has been found that such provision for applying suction to cup |09 is not essential, although it is desirable in some instances. i

Operation of the machine can now be revised in entirety. An ample supply of fruit such as oranges, is supplied to the machine, with the fruit being in single file within thechute |44. Assuming that the motor of the machine is in operation, the actuating means for the gates |43 and |64 is so co-ordinated that gate |43 is lowered, and gate |64 raised to permit an article of fruit to drop within the cup |09 (Fig. 1), where the fruit is centered with respect to the plane of the blade 99. Gates |43 and |64 immediately close and the blade or knife 99, swings downwardly and is impaled upon the fruit vsubstantially as illustrated in Fig. 1. Both arm |06 and knife 99- now swing upwardly in unison, to carry the orange into a position between the turretlike fruit handling devices 22. -The cups 36 are now projected outwardly upon opposite sides of the article of fruit, and hold fast to the sides of the fruit, by suction. During this short interval arm |06 is dropping back to its initial position to receive a succeeding article of fruit. Immediately upon engagement of the cups 36 with the sides of the fruit, knife 99 is again swung downwardly to pass completely through the fruit, thus completing halving of the same. The cups 36 are now retracted in opposite directions, and together with such retracting movement, the turret-like fruit handling devices swing about the pivotal axes of shafts 5|, until they are in alignment with the axes of rotation of burrs 23. As they reach this limiting position, pneumatic pressure projects the two cups 36 to cause the two halves of the fruit to be resiliently pressed upon the burrs. When the juicing operation has been completed, pneumatic suction causes retraction of the cups 36, to free the peel from the burrs, and during ,Is/uch retraction pneumatic pressure is applied. ,to the interior of the cups to expel the peels. Likewise while retractionof the cups is being complet-ed, the fruit handling devices are again being rotated back totheir initial positions illustrated in Fig. 2. By that time a succeeding article of fruit has been impaled by knife 99 and has been elevated to a position between the fruit handling devices. For each complete cycle of operation of the fruit handling devices, door I1I is swung open to permit peels to be ejected.

Juice removed from the fruit ows downwardly through screen 26, and is removed through pipe 29.

An advisable layout utilized with my machine with a compressor unit, is illustrated in Fig. 16. In this case a compressor 23|, driven by a motor 232, has its discharge and suction sides connected respectively to pressure and suction tanks 233 and 234. The pressure line 206 from machine 236 connects with the pressure tank 233, while the suction pipe line 201 connects with the suction tank 234, Solenoid control valves 231 and 238, are provided in lines 206 and 201, and to close these lines during periods when the machine is not operating. The circuit 239 for the motor |89, is shown being controlled by starter switch 24|, which in addition to the usual manual control, is' shown being controlled by switch 242. Likewise circuit 243 for the solenoid valves u231 and 238 is shown being connectedacross circuit 239 for the motor. A source of inert gas, such as carbon dioxide, is represented at 244, with a small stream of this gas beingbled into the suction tank 234. By this method, the pneumatic system is kept filled with the carbon dioxide, rather than air, and a substantially undiluted atmosphere of carbon dioxide is maintained within the compartment I2 of the machine. Thus the juice is contacted only with' inert gas, and is not subject to deterioration by virtue of contact with oxygen of the atmosphere. Similar results can be accomplished by supplying carbon dioxide to the pressure tank 233, or by supplying a stream of carbon dioxide directly to the compartment I2. Switch 242 can be controlled in accordance with the supply of fruit to the machine. As shown in Fig. 15, a fruit engaging member 246 can be arranged to overlie the chute I 44, at a pointl near the machine. `This member is shown being carried by an arm 241, which operates switch 242. When chute |44 is filled with oranges, member 246 is held elevated, tomaintain the contacts of switch 242 closed. However, when the supply of fruit to the machine is discontinued, member 246 is permitted to drop, to open the switch contacts, and thus interrupt further operation of the machine and to close valves 231 and 238. Such an arrangement is particularly desirable where a battery of my machines 'is operating in conjunction with a common compressor. In such an installation different gradesof fruit may be supplied to different machines, and during grading operations, one or more machines may not be continuously supplied with fruit. With an installation such as described, such machines will be immediately shut down until they are again supplied with fruit.

In installing a battery of machines, in conjunction with a common compressor, some provision should be made to insure application of a proper degree of pressure to each machine, irrespective of the number of the machines in the battery which are operating. This can be readily accomplished by the use of suitable pressure regulators, for controlling the pressure and suctionf supplied to each machine individually. 'f The centering cup |09 which has previously been described, is suitable for handling fruit which is generally spherical shaped, as for example oranges or grapefruit. When handling lemons, it is desirable to employ an elliptically contoured cup I09a, such as illustrated in Fig. 17. To enable proper use of such a centering cup, means should also be providedwhereby the means `such as illustrated in Fig. 18. In this 'a fast grip at all times.

instance in place of locating the fruit engaging finger |59 relatively close to the gates |43 and |64, shaft |6| is extended, as represented by shaft |6|a in Fig. 18, to carry the finger |59a a substantial distance from the gates |43 and |64, as for example a distance of thirty inches or more. With such an arrangement, each lemonis permitted to roll free after being released by finger |59a, until it strikes the gate |43. During this free rolling period, through the substantially V- shaped trough |44, the lemon tends to assume a position such as illustrated by dotted lines in Fig. 18, with its axes substantially horizontal and extending laterally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the trough.

It will be evident that .the machine described has many desirable features and characteristics. The mechanism utilized to secure the necessary mechanical movements, is relatively simple. Such simplicity is largely made possible because of the use of pneumatic means in operating the turret-like fruit handling devices. The use of suction cups for gripping and retaining the halves of the fruit during thejuicing operation, prevents bending or pinching of the peel, `such as would tend to expel peel oil, which is known to be detrimental to the desired juices. Likewise any oil which may be extracted from the peel during operation of the machine, is retained by the vacuum cups, rather than to be intermingled directly with the juices. The vacuum cups conform to irregularities of the fruit, thus insuring The use of pneumatic means for pressing the halves of the fruit upon the burrs, is superior to positive mechanical movements for this purpose, because a proper regulated pressure can be obtained, which will cause proper extraction of the juice without undue mutilation of the peel. The machine is capable of withstanding heavy duty service in packing and processing plants, with a minimum of service and maintenance costs.

I'he subject matter disclosed but not claimed herein is disclosed and claimed in my copending applications Serial Number 119,971, led January 11, 1937, and Serial Number 145,765, led June 1, 1937.

1. In a fruit handling machine of the character described, a fruit handling device comprising a cup adapted to engage one side of an article of fruit, a rotatable burr. and pneumatic means for projecting and retracting the cup with respect to the burr, said device including two parts retained together for sliding movement along a common linear axis, the cup being mounted upon one of said parts, means for securing the other one of said parts to a fixed support for swinging movement about an axis substantially at right angles to said rst mentioned axis, and pneumatic means for causingrelative sliding movement between said parts to project and retract said cup with respect to said support.

2. In a fruit handling machine of the character described, a member forming a cylinder, a piston slidably fitted within said cylinder, a cup secured to said piston and adapted to engage one side of an article of fruit, meansserving to pivotally support said cylinder for swinging movement about an axis substantially at right angles to the varying pneumatic pressures to said cylinder to respect to the cylinder.

3. In a fruit handling machine of the character described, a member forming a cylinder, a piston slidably fitted within said cylinder, a cup secured to said piston and adapted to engage one side of an article of fruit, means serving to pivotally carry said cylinder for swinging movement about a pivotal axis substantially at right angles to the axis of said cylinder, means for cyclically oscillating said cylinder together with the piston and the cup about said pivotal axis, means for alternately applying pneumatic pressure and suction to said cylinder to effect projecting and retraction of said cup in synchronism with said oscillating movement, and means for intermittently applying pneumatic suction to the interior of said cup in synchronism with said oscillating movement.

4. In a fruit handling machine of the character described, a member forming a cylinder, a piston slidably tted within said cylinder, a cup secured to said cylinder and adapted to engage one side of an article of fruit, the space on one side of the piston being adapted to receive varying pneumatic pressuresto effect movement of the piston in opposite directions to project and retract the cup with respect to the cylinder, means serving to pivotally mount said cylinder for oscillating movement about an axis substantially at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, and means including a duct extending concentrically with said last named axis for applying varying'pneumatic pressures to said space.

5. In a fruit handling machine of the character described, a. member forming a cylinder, a piston slidably fitted' within said cylinder, a tube extending into one end of said cylinder.and having its inner end secured to said piston, a cup secured to the outer end of said tube and adapted to engage one side of an article of fruit, the interior of said cup being in communication with the passage in said tube, means for applying varying pneumatic pressures to said cylinder to eiiect movement of said piston in opposite directions, to project and retract said cup with respect to the cylinder, and separate means for applying varying pneumatic pressures to the interior of the cup, said last means including a communicating tube disposed concentrically with respect to the axis of the cylinder and extendng) through said piston into said rst mentioned 6. In a fruit handling machine-of the character described, a pair of fruit handling devices. means for mounting said devices for swinging movement about spaced parallel axes, said axes being substantially equally spaced from a plane which is perpendicular to the common plane of the axes and which is also parallel to said axes, an arm mounted for swinging movement through said rst named plane, a fruit receiving and centering cup mounted on said arm, a cutting blade likewise mounted for swinging movement through said plane and adapted to sever an article of fruit carried by said cup, and means for effecting cyclic actuationoi' said arm and said blade, whereby said blade is first swung to impale an article of fruit carriedgby said cup, after which both said arm and said blade are swung to present the partially halved article of fruit to said fruit handling devices, after which'said arm is returned to its initial position to receive a succeeding article of fruit and said blade is swung to pass completely through the fruit.

7. In a fruit handling machine of the character described, an arm mounted for swinging movement in a vertical plane, a fruit receiving and centering cup carried by the free end of said arm, the cup in one limiting position of the arm being faced upwardly to receive an article of fruit, and in the other position of the arm being elevated to prevent the article of fruit for subsequent operations, a blade likewise mounted for swinging movement in said plane, and means for cyclically actuating said arm and said blade, whereby said blade is iirst swung downwardly upon an article of `fruit carried by the .cup while the cup is in said rst mentioned limiting position, after which bothv the arm and said blade are swung upwardly to carry the fruit to said position of presentation, and after which said arm is permitted to drop back to said initial position whereby the cup may receive a succeeding article of fruit.

8. In a fruit handling machine of the character described, an arm mounted for swinging movement in av vertical plane a fruit receiving and centering cup carried by the free end of said arm, the cup in one limiting position of the arm being faced upwardly to receive an arti- -cle of fruit, and in the other position of the arm being elevated to present the article of fruit for subsequent operations, a blade likewise mounted for swinging movement in said plane, and means for cyclically actuating said arm and said blade, whereby said blade is first swung downwardly upon anarticle of fruit carried by the cup while the cup is in said first mentioned limiting position, after which both the arm and said blade are swung upwardly to carry the fruit to said position of presentation, and after which said arm is permitted to drop back to said initial position whereby the cup may receive a succeeding article of fruit and said blade is again swung downwardly.

9. In a fruit handling machine of the character described, a pair of members forming cylinders, a piston slidably fitted within each of said cylinders, a cup secured to each of said pistons and adapted to engage one side of an article of fruit, means for mounting said cylinders for oscillating movement about spaced parallel axis, the limiting positions of such oscillating movement being such that for one limiting position the axes of said cylinders are in alignment and said cups are faced towards each other, and for the other limiting position the axes of said cylinders are substantially parallel-while said cups are faced the halved articles of fruit presented to the same,

after which said cups are retracted in opposite directions, and then again projected to present said halved articles of fruit upon said burrs, after said cylinders have been swung to positions in alignment with said burrs.

10. In la fruit handling machine of the charac- `ter described, a member forming a cylinder, a

piston slidably fitted within said cylinder, a cup secured to said piston and adapted to engage one side of an article of fruit, means serving to pivotally support said cylinder for swinging movement about an axis substantially at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, means for applying pneumatic pressure to said cylinder to eiect projection of said cup with respect to the cylinder, and means to effect retraction of the cup with respect to the cylinder.

11. In a fruit handling machine of the character described, a member forming a cylinder, a piston slidably fitted within said cylinder, a cup secured to said piston and adapted to engage one side of an article of fruit, the space on one side of the piston being adapted to receive Varying pneumatic pressures to effect reciprocating movements of the piston, means serving to pivotally mount said cylinder for oscillating movement about an axis substantially at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, and means including a duct extending concentrically with said last named axis for applying pneumatic pressure to said space.

12. In a machine for extracting juice from articles of fruit like oranges, lemons, grapefruit and the like, a pneumatic fruit gripping device, a closed housing surrounding said device, means connected to said device for intermittently applying pneumatic suction to the same, and means connected to said device for intermittently applying carbon dioxide gas under pressure to the same, whereby fruit gripped by said device is released and whereby an atmosphere of carbon dioxide is maintained within said housing.

HAROLD F, WATKINS. 

